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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">HFPO-DA</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Chemikalie" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Chemikalie">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Strukturformel
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis skin-invert-image" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Allgemeines
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:33%;">Name
</td>
<td>HFPO-DA
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Andere Namen
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>2,3,3,3-Tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propansäure</li>
<li>Perfluor(2-propoxypropansäure)</li>
<li>FRD-903</li>
<li>GenX</li>
<li>Hexafluorpropylenoxiddimersäure</li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Summenformel" title="Summenformel">Summenformel</a>
</td>
<td>C<sub>6</sub>HF<sub>11</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" data-expandtext="+" data-collapsetext="−" style="border-top:none; margin:-1px; width:calc(100% + 2px);">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:33%;"><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13252-13-6">13252-13-6</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; border-top:1px solid #FFDEAD; padding:0.2em 0; vertical-align:bottom; width:5%;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2">236-236-8
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.032.928">100.032.928</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/114481">114481</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.102538.html">102538</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29387971" class="extiw external" title="d:Q29387971">Q29387971</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Molare Masse</a>
</td>
<td>330,05 g·<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-trc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="05 – Ätzend"></a></span>
</td>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="07 – Achtung"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Gefahr</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken.">302</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Verursacht schwere Verätzungen der Haut und schwere Augenschäden.">314</span></span></a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Einatmen von Staub / Rauch / Gas / Nebel / Dampf / Aerosol vermeiden.">261</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Nach Gebrauch … gründlich waschen.
(Die vom Gesetzgeber offen gelassene Einfügung ist vom Inverkehrbringer zu ergänzen)">264</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz/Gesichtsschutz/Gehörschutz/… tragen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">280</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Verschlucken: Bei Unwohlsein Giftinformationszentrum / Arzt / … anrufen.">301+312</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Kontakt mit den Augen: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018)">305+351+338</span></span></a>‐<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Sofort Giftinformationszentrum, Arzt oder … anrufen.">310</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-trc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Verordnung_(EG)_Nr._1907/2006_(REACH)#Das_Zulassungsverfahren" title="Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1907/2006 (REACH)">Zulassungsverfahren</a> unter <a href="Verordnung_(EG)_Nr._1907/2006_(REACH)" title="Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1907/2006 (REACH)">REACH</a>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="Besonders_besorgniserregender_Stoff" title="Besonders besorgniserregender Stoff">besonders besorgniserregend</a>: ernsthafte Auswirkungen auf die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt gelten als wahrscheinlich<sup id="cite_ref-SVHC_100.032.928_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SVHC_100.032.928-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; font-size:80%; text-align:center; line-height:150%; padding:.25em;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a> (0 °C, 1000 hPa).
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>HFPO-DA</b> (auch <i>FRD-903</i>) ist eine <a href="Chemische_Verbindung" title="Chemische Verbindung">chemische Verbindung</a>, die zu den <a href="Per-_und_polyfluorierte_Alkylverbindungen" title="Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylverbindungen">per- und polyfluorierten Alkylverbindungen</a> (PFAS) gehört.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Im <a href="GenX-Prozess" class="mw-redirect" title="GenX-Prozess">GenX-Prozess</a> kommt das Ammoniumcarboxylatsalz – <a href="Ammonium-2%2C3%2C3%2C3-tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propanoat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammonium-2,3,3,3-tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propanoat">Ammonium-2,3,3,3-tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propanoat</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – welches auch FRD-902 genannt wird, als inerter Prozesshilfsstoff und Substitut der <a href="Perfluoroctans%C3%A4ure" title="Perfluoroctansäure">Perfluoroctansäure</a> (PFOA) zum Einsatz.<sup id="cite_ref-rivm_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rivm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FRD-902 wird ausgehend von <a href="Hexafluorpropylenoxid" title="Hexafluorpropylenoxid">Hexafluorpropylenoxid</a> hergestellt.<sup id="cite_ref-CEN_2018_7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEN_2018_7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Laut Angaben der chemischen Industrie handelt es sich bei HFPO-DA um eine von 256 PFAS mit kommerzieller Relevanz<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aus der OECD-Liste von 4730 PFAS.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>HFPO-DA wird in den <a href="L%C3%B6sungsmittel" title="Lösungsmittel">Lösungsmitteln</a> <a href="Dimethylsulfoxid" title="Dimethylsulfoxid">Dimethylsulfoxid</a>, <a href="Aceton" title="Aceton">Aceton</a> und <a href="Acetonitril" title="Acetonitril">Acetonitril</a> zu <a href="Heptafluorpropyl-1%2C2%2C2%2C2-tetrafluorethylether" title="Heptafluorpropyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluorethylether">Heptafluorpropyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluorethylether</a> (E-1) <a href="Decarboxylierung" title="Decarboxylierung">decarboxyliert</a>, in Wasser, <a href="Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a>, <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a>, <a href="MTBE" class="mw-redirect" title="MTBE">MTBE</a>, <a href="Dichlormethan" title="Dichlormethan">Dichlormethan</a> und <a href="Sesam%C3%B6l" title="Sesamöl">Sesamöl</a> jedoch nicht.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gefahren-_und_Risikobeurteilung">Gefahren- und Risikobeurteilung</h2></div>
<p>HFPO-DA ist nicht <a href="Biologische_Abbaubarkeit" title="Biologische Abbaubarkeit">biologisch abbaubar</a> und wird nicht durch Wasser <a href="Hydrolyse" title="Hydrolyse">hydrolysiert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rivm_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rivm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wurde in Flusswasser, -sediment und <a href="Trinkwasser" title="Trinkwasser">Trinkwasser</a> nachgewiesen.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CEN_2018_7_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEN_2018_7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Das Ammoniumcarboxylatsalz von HFPO-DA, das Substitut für PFOA in der Emulsionspolymerisierung von <a href="Fluorpolymere" title="Fluorpolymere">Fluorpolymeren</a> wie <a href="Teflon" class="mw-redirect" title="Teflon">Teflon</a> verwendet wird,<sup id="cite_ref-rivm_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rivm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wurde ursprünglich für weniger problematisch gehalten. In Labortests an Ratten wurde jedoch gezeigt, dass es viele der gleichen Gesundheitsprobleme verursacht wie PFOA.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>2019 wurde HFPO-DA, seine <a href="Salze" title="Salze">Salze</a> und <a href="Halide" class="mw-redirect" title="Halide">Halide</a> in die <a href="SVHC" class="mw-redirect" title="SVHC">Liste der für eine Zulassung in Frage kommenden besonders besorgniserregenden Stoffe</a> aufgenommen:<sup id="cite_ref-SVHC_100.032.928_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SVHC_100.032.928-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Name
</th>
<th>EG-Nr.
</th>
<th>CAS-Nr.
</th>
<th>Wikidata
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>2,3,3,3-Tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propansäure (<a href="Racemat" title="Racemat">Racemat</a>)
</td>
<td>236-236-8
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=13252-13-6">13252-13-6</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29387971" class="extiw external" title="d:Q29387971">Q29387971</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>(+)-2,3,3,3-Tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propansäure
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><span class="KeinCASLink" title="CAS-Nummer ohne Common-Chemistry-Eintrag">75579-39-4</span><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116486902" class="extiw external" title="d:Q116486902">Q116486902</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>(−)-2,3,3,3-Tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propansäure
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><span class="KeinCASLink" title="CAS-Nummer ohne Common-Chemistry-Eintrag">75579-40-7</span><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116532988" class="extiw external" title="d:Q116532988">Q116532988</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Ammonium-2,3,3,3-tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propanoat
</td>
<td>–
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=62037-80-3">62037-80-3</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29388239" class="extiw external" title="d:Q29388239">Q29388239</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Kalium-2,3,3,3-tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propanoat
</td>
<td>266-578-3
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=67118-55-2">67118-55-2</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81987850" class="extiw external" title="d:Q81987850">Q81987850</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2,3,3,3-Tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propionylfluorid
</td>
<td>218-173-8
</td>
<td><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2062-98-8">2062-98-8</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td>
<td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72500638" class="extiw external" title="d:Q72500638">Q72500638</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Die Chemikalie ist Thema eines Dokumentarfilms – <i>GenX: a Chemical Cocktail</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-trc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-trc_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-trc_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trc-canada.com/product-detail/?T310620">2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3,heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic Acid (~90%)</a></span> bei <i>Toronto Research Chemicals</i>, abgerufen am 17. Dezember 2018 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trc-canada.com/prod-img/MSDS/T310620MSDS.pdf">PDF</a>).<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SVHC_100.032.928-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SVHC_100.032.928_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SVHC_100.032.928_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/candidate-list-table/-/dislist/substance/external/100.032.928">Eintrag</a> in der <a href="Liste_der_besonders_besorgniserregenden_Stoffe" title="Liste der besonders besorgniserregenden Stoffe">SVHC-Liste</a> der <a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">Europäischen Chemikalienagentur</a>, abgerufen am 29. Juli 2019.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Externe Identifikatoren von bzw. Datenbank-Links zu <span style="font-style:italic">Ammonium-2,3,3,3-tetrafluor-2-(heptafluorpropoxy)propanoat</span>: <a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nr.</a>: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=62037-80-3">62037-80-3</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>, <a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nr.</a>: 700-242-3, <a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.124.803">100.124.803</a>, <a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/51342034">51342034</a>, <a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.26235356.html">26235356</a>, <a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29388239" class="extiw external" title="d:Q29388239">Q29388239</a><span style="display:none;"></span>.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-rivm-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rivm_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rivm_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rivm_4-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Rijksinstituut_voor_Volksgezondheid_en_Milieu" title="Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu">Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivm.nl/publicaties/evaluation-of-substances-used-in-genx-technology-by-chemours-dordrecht">Evaluation of substances used in the GenX technology by Chemours, Dordrecht</a></i>, 2016 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/2016-0174.pdf">PDF</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CEN_2018_7-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CEN_2018_7_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CEN_2018_7_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheryl Hogue: <cite style="font-style:italic">What’s GenX still doing in the water downstream of a Chemours plant?</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Chemical_%26_Engineering_News" title="Chemical & Engineering News">Chemical & Engineering News</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>96</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, 2018 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cen.acs.org/articles/96/i7/whats-genx-still-doing-in-the-water-downstream-of-a-chemours-plant.html">acs.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:HFPO-DA&rft.atitle=What%E2%80%99s+GenX+still+doing+in+the+water+downstream+of+a+Chemours+plant%3F&rft.au=Cheryl+Hogue&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.volume=96" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Buck, Stephen H. Korzeniowski, Evan Laganis, Frank Adamsky: <cite style="font-style:italic">Identification and Classification of Commercially Relevant Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Integrated_Environmental_Assessment_and_Management" title="Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management">Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management</a></cite>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4450">10.1002/ieam.4450</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:HFPO-DA&rft.atitle=Identification+and+Classification+of+Commercially+Relevant+Per-+and+Poly-fluoroalkyl+Substances+%28PFAS%29&rft.au=Robert+C.+Buck%2C+Stephen+H.+Korzeniowski%2C+Evan+Laganis%2C+...&rft.btitle=Integrated+Environmental+Assessment+and+Management&rft.doi=10.1002%2Fieam.4450&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/no-need-control-PFAS-as-class-industry-scientists-say/99/i19"><i>There’s no need to control PFAS as a class, industry scientists say.</i></a> In: <i><a href="Chemical_%26_Engineering_News" title="Chemical & Engineering News">Chemical & Engineering News</a>.</i> 19. Mai 2021,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 10. April 2022</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AHFPO-DA&rft.title=There%E2%80%99s+no+need+to+control+PFAS+as+a+class%2C+industry+scientists+say&rft.description=There%E2%80%99s+no+need+to+control+PFAS+as+a+class%2C+industry+scientists+say&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fcen.acs.org%2Fenvironment%2Fpersistent-pollutants%2Fno-need-control-PFAS-as-class-industry-scientists-say%2F99%2Fi19&rft.date=2021-05-19"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:italic">Toward a New Comprehensive Global Database of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): Summary Report on Updating the OECD 2007 List of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)</cite> (= <cite style="font-style:italic">OECD Series on Risk Management of Chemicals</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>39</span>). <a href="OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a>, 2018, ISBN 978-92-64-88443-4, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1787/1a14ad6c-en">10.1787/1a14ad6c-en</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:HFPO-DA&rft.btitle=Toward+a+New+Comprehensive+Global+Database+of+Per-+and+Polyfluoroalkyl+Substances+%28PFASs%29%3A+Summary+Report+on+Updating+the+OECD+2007+List+of+Per-+and+Polyfluoroalkyl+Substances+%28PFASs%29&rft.date=2018&rft.doi=10.1787%2F1a14ad6c-en&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789264884434&rft.pub=OECD&rft.series=OECD+Series+on+Risk+Management+of+Chemicals" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hannah K. Liberatore, Stephen R. Jackson, Mark J. Strynar, James P. McCord: <cite style="font-style:italic">Solvent Suitability for HFPO-DA (“GenX” Parent Acid) in Toxicological Studies</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Environmental_Science_%26_Technology_Letters" title="Environmental Science & Technology Letters">Environmental Science & Technology Letters</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, 14. Juli 2020, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>477–481</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00323">10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00323</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944590?dopt=Abstract">PMID 32944590</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7490830/">PMC 7490830</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:HFPO-DA&rft.atitle=Solvent+Suitability+for+HFPO-DA+%28%E2%80%9CGenX%E2%80%9D+Parent+Acid%29+in+Toxicological+Studies&rft.au=Hannah+K.+Liberatore%2C+Stephen+R.+Jackson%2C+Mark+J.+Strynar%2C+...&rft.date=2020-07-14&rft.doi=10.1021%2Facs.estlett.0c00323&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology+Letters&rft.pages=477-481&rft.pmc=7490830&rft.pmid=32944590&rft.volume=7" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mei Sun, Elisa Arevalo, Mark Strynar, Andrew Lindstrom, Michael Richardson, Ben Kearns, Adam Pickett, Chris Smith, Detlef R. U. Knappe: <cite style="font-style:italic">Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances Are Important Drinking Water Contaminants in the Cape Fear River Watershed of North Carolina</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Environmental_Science_%26_Technology_Letters" title="Environmental Science & Technology Letters">Environmental Science & Technology Letters</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, 2016, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>415–419</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00398">10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00398</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:HFPO-DA&rft.atitle=Legacy+and+Emerging+Perfluoroalkyl+Substances+Are+Important+Drinking+Water+Contaminants+in+the+Cape+Fear+River+Watershed+of+North+Carolina&rft.au=Mei+Sun%2C+Elisa+Arevalo%2C+Mark+Strynar%2C+...&rft.date=2016&rft.doi=10.1021%2Facs.estlett.6b00398&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology+Letters&rft.pages=415-419&rft.volume=3" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheryl Hogue: <cite style="font-style:italic">Fluoroethers taint sediments</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Chemical & Engineering News</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>96</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>15</span>, 2018, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09615-polcon2">10.1021/cen-09615-polcon2</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:HFPO-DA&rft.atitle=Fluoroethers+taint+sediments&rft.au=Cheryl+Hogue&rft.date=2018&rft.doi=10.1021%2Fcen-09615-polcon2&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=15&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.volume=96" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622164743/https://www.epa.gov/pfas/basic-information-pfas#difference"><i>What is the difference between PFOA, PFOS and GenX and other replacement PFAS?</i></a> U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 18. Februar 2018, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fpfas%2Fbasic-information-pfas">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">22. Juni 2018</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 3. Februar 2023</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AHFPO-DA&rft.title=What+is+the+difference+between+PFOA%2C+PFOS+and+GenX+and+other+replacement+PFAS%3F&rft.description=What+is+the+difference+between+PFOA%2C+PFOS+and+GenX+and+other+replacement+PFAS%3F&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20180622164743%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fpfas%2Fbasic-information-pfas%23difference&rft.publisher=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency+%28EPA%29&rft.date=2018-02-18&rft.source=https://www.epa.gov/pfas/basic-information-pfas&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">JM Caverly Rae, Lisa Craig, Theodore W. Stone, Steven R. Frame, L. William Buxton, Gerald L. Kennedy: <cite style="font-style:italic">Evaluation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate in Sprague–Dawley rats</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Toxicology Reports</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>. <a href="Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>, 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>939–949</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.001">10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.001</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28962433?dopt=Abstract">PMID 28962433</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5598527/">PMC 5598527</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:HFPO-DA&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+chronic+toxicity+and+carcinogenicity+of+ammonium+2%2C3%2C3%2C3-tetrafluoro-2-%28heptafluoropropoxy%29-propanoate+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=JM+Caverly+Rae%2C+Lisa+Craig%2C+Theodore+W.+Stone%2C+...&rft.btitle=Toxicology+Reports&rft.date=2015&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.toxrep.2015.06.001&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=939-949&rft.pmc=5598527&rft.pmid=28962433&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.volume=2" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Sharon Lerner: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2016/03/03/new-teflon-toxin-causes-cancer-in-lab-animals/"><i>New Teflon Toxin Causes Cancer in Lab Animals.</i></a> In: <i><a href="The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>.</i> 3. März 2016,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 3. Februar 2023</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AHFPO-DA&rft.title=New+Teflon+Toxin+Causes+Cancer+in+Lab+Animals&rft.description=New+Teflon+Toxin+Causes+Cancer+in+Lab+Animals&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2016%2F03%2F03%2Fnew-teflon-toxin-causes-cancer-in-lab-animals%2F&rft.creator=Sharon+Lerner&rft.date=2016-03-03&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8229512/"><i>GenX: a Chemical Cocktail.</i></a> IMDB,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 20. Juli 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AHFPO-DA&rft.title=GenX%3A+a+Chemical+Cocktail&rft.description=GenX%3A+a+Chemical+Cocktail&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt8229512%2F&rft.publisher=IMDB&rft.date="> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genxthefilm.org/home"><i>GenX: A Chemical Cocktail.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 20. Juli 2020</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AHFPO-DA&rft.title=GenX%3A+A+Chemical+Cocktail&rft.description=GenX%3A+A+Chemical+Cocktail&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genxthefilm.org%2Fhome&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
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